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R v Bailiff [2004] ACTSC 42 (9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004)

Xeem tshiab: 1 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2005

 R v Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BAILIFF [2004] ACTSC 42 (9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004)
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai - liam pom unfit rau plead thiab tsis zoo li yuav haum rau plead tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis - tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog - lo lus nug ntawm seb liam koom nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau cai los ntawm ua txhaum - qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv - dav tus.
Teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT), SS 315, 316, 316 (2), 316 (8), 317, 319 (2),
Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT), s 68 (3)
Saib xyuas thiab tswj ntawm cov khoom Act 1991 (ACT)
Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT), s 68C
Pov thawj Act 1995 (Cth), s 144
 R v Ardler [2003] ACTCA 4 (30 Lub peb hlis ntuj 2004)
Knight v R (1988) 35 Ib tug Crim R 314
Zecevic v DPP [1987] HCA 26 (1 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1987)
 R v Hawes (1994) 35 NSWLR 294
 R v Kurtic (1996) 85 Ib tug Crim R 57
Tsis SCC 21 ntawm 2003
Kws txiav txim plaub: Crispin J
Supreme Court ntawm ACT
Date: 9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004
HAUV Supreme lub tsev hais plaub NTAWM LUB)
) Tsis SCC 21 ntawm 2003
Australian capital ib ncig)
 R
v
Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BAILIFF


Order

Kws txiav txim plaub: Crispin J
Date: 9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004
Qhov chaw: Canberra
Lub tsev hais plaub xaj TIAS:
1. Koj Bailiff xa nws tus kheej mus rau lub ciaj ciam ntawm lub Mental Health Tribunal kom nws los ua ib tug puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv order.1. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog ua raws li s 315 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT) nyob rau hauv relation rau ib indictment alleging uas on 8 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2003 koj Bailiff assaulted koj Brett Seaman. Particulars ntawm liam quab yuam lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub daim ntawv qhia muab rau 7 Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2003 uas liam hais tias:
Cov liam muab ib ncig thiab lunged ntawm tus tsis txaus siab, grabbed nws lub tsho thiab khi thiab tightened nws tuav whilst yelling ntawm nws "Kuv paub tias koj tsoob ruam".
2. On 11 Cuaj hlis 2003, Mental Health Tribunal ("lub Tribunal") txiav txim tias koj Bailiff tsis haum rau plead mus rau qhov nqi them rau yog tsis zoo li los ua kom haum tsis pub dhau kaum ob lub hlis plead.
3. Ib tug nrhiav ntawm unfitness rau plead tej zaum tsuas yog yuav tau ua yog hais tias tus Tribunal yog txaus siab hais tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev raug disordered impaired mus rau raws li hais tias tus neeg yog tsis muaj peev xwm -
(Ib tug) kom nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj; los yog
(B) kom nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau qhov nqi them rau mus siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim; los yog
(C) kom to taub hais tias lub Hais Plaub yog ib tug nug raws li seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum; los yog
(D) kom ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub; los yog
(E) los nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm lub foob; los yog
(F) los muab cov lus qhia rau nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj.
Saib s 68 (3) ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT) ("Mental Health Act").
4. Ib tug liam pom unfit rau plead tej zaum yuav tsis raug rau txim txhaum los yog rau txim rau tus liam ua txhaum tab sis, thaum lub Tribunal tau pom hais tias nws yog tsis zoo li los ua kom haum tsis pub dhau kaum ob lub hlis plead, ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais kuj yuav raug tshawb nyob rau hauv relation mus rau indictment. Section 317 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act yuav muab hais tias yog hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub rooj sib hais lub tsev hais plaub yog tsis txaus siab rau tias Crown tau qhov tseeb tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias liam tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kev yuav tsum tau rau qhov ua txhaum them ces liam yuav tsum tau acquitted. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, ib tug nrhiav tau tias tus liam tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li kev tsis ua tau rau ib tug nrhiav ntawm txhaum. Ib tug nrhiav kom tau hais tias ua hauj lwm yog raug xa mus rau hauv lub headings mus rau yam seem ntawm cov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, kuv tsis nyob rau hauv txoj cai tiag tiag cov kev cai, raws li ib tug "uas tsis yog-acquittal".
5. Kom txog thaum uas tsis ntev los no cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau los ntawm s 317 mas seb tus Crown tau qhov tseeb tias tus liam "cog lub ua uas tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum them," thiab nyob rau hauv R v Ardler [2003] ACTCA 4 (30 Lub peb hlis ntuj 2004) lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Thov suav hais tias yog kev ntawm unamended seem, tuav hais tias:
Thaum ib tug tshwj xeeb Kev Mloog Ob Tog yog embarked thaum nyob rau hauv Div 13,2 ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900, lub foob yuav tsum tau los ua pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog lub cev nqaij daim tawv ua ntawm qhov ua txhaum them uas yuav tshwm sim tawm ib qho kev ua txhaum yog hais tias txhob txwm ua thiab yeem thiab nrog rau tej yam kev txhob txwm ua los sis kev paub txog qee raws li ib tug keeb ntawm qhov ua txhaum tab sis tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua tsis zoo tsis muaj puas siab puas ntsws muaj peev xwm mus ua los yog txhob txwm yeem los yog mus muaj meej kev txawj ntse los yog hom phiaj teev raws li ib tug keeb ntawm qhov ua txhaum tshwj tsis yog tias muaj lub hom phiaj pov thawj uas nce xws li ib qhov teeb meem nrog rau cov ua yuam kev, kev huam yuaj , tsis muaj tej yam uas tsi ntsees rau lub hom phiaj los yog kev txawj ntse ntawm particularity tsim nyog yuav tshwm sim tawm qhov ua txhaum uas yog ib tug keeb ntawm qhov ua txhaum los yog nws tus kheej kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tus foob yuav tsum tsis zoo hais tias qhov teeb meem tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog.
6. Whilst lub liam ua txhaum tshwm sim ua ntej qhov kev hloov, kev yog ntawm ib tug procedural qhov thiab, nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm tej yam sib cav mus rau qhov tsis tooj, kuv npaj tau ua nyob rau hauv xav tias tam sim no kev siv rau tam sim no lub rooj sib hais. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no whilst kev ntiav sib txawv terminology, kho twb Thaj npaj kom meej es tsis hloov cov nyhuv ntawm seem thiab tsis yog tus twg tog tswv yim tias tus tshiab tus qauv ntawm "ua nyob rau hauv cov kev yuav tsum tau rau qhov ua txhaum them" yuav ua rau daim ntawv qhia los ntawm tus nyob rau hauv R v Ardler tsis tsim nyog.
7. Ib tug nrhiav ntawm cov neeg uas tsis-acquittal tsis qhia tau qhov liam rau txim rau qhov ua txhaum nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tab sis, yog hais tias nws yog ib qho loj heev ua txhaum, xws li ib tug nrhiav tsis invoke qhov kev cai ntawm subs 319 (2) ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act.This seem yuav tsum tau lub tsev hais plaub mus kom tau tias tus liam yuav detained nyob rau hauv saib xyuas txog thaum lub Mental Health Tribunal xaj pub kom tshwj tsis yog tias, "nyob rau hauv xaiv ntawm cov txheej xwm rau txim nyob rau hauv s 308" nws yog txaus siab rau tias nws yog ntau tshaj uas tsim nyog kom tau tias tus liam xa nws tus kheej los yog nws tus kheej mus rau lub ciaj ciam ntawm Tribunal kom nws los ua ib tug puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv thiaj li raws mus rau Mental Health Act. Nyob rau hauv essence, tus lwm txoj kev mus rau acquittal yog ib tug uas nrhiav kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsis yog tus twg raug ntes raug tsis rau txim tab sis invokes ib txoj cai tsoom fwv npaj kom paub meej qhov kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus liam thiab tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub zej zog.
8. Lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum tau ua yog kav los ntawm s 316 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act uas muab kev pab, faus alia, hais tias, kev kawm mus rau lwm yam kev cai ntawm uas seem, lub tsev hais plaub yuav tsum kev lub rooj sib hais raws li tau ze li sai tau raws li yog hais tias nws kuj muaj ib tug dog dig txhaum txheej txhem. Qhov seem tseem muab hais tias, tshwj tsis yog tias lub tsev hais plaub xaj lwm yam, lub liam yog muaj kev cai lij choj sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais. Qhov txiav txim ntawm unfitness rau plead tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib tug impediment li sawv cev thiab liam yog yuav tau npaum li cas kom tau pleaded tsis ua txhaum nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm txhua tus ua txhaum them.
9. Subsection 316 (2) muab kev pab uas ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais yuav tsum yog ib tug sim los ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim tshwj tsis yog tias:
* Lub liam ua rau ib qho kev xaiv tsa rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg ua ntej lub tsev hais plaub thawj zaug kho ib hnub rau lub rooj sib hais thiab lub tsev hais plaub yog txaus siab hais tias nws los yog nws peev xwm ntawm kev xws li ib qho kev xaiv tsa; los yog
* Yog hais tias lub tsev hais plaub yog txaus siab tias liam yog incapable ntawm txiav txim siab li ib tug kev xaiv tsa, tus neeg saib xyuas tej yam ceeb toom lub tsev hais plaub hais tias, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, xws li ib tug mus sib yuav nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab ntawm tus liam, los yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas taw los ntawm tus Saibxyuas Tribunal nyob rau hauv lub Saibxyuas thiab Tswj ntawm Khoom Act 1991 (ACT) (lub "Saibxyuas Act") nrog lub hwj chim ua kev xaiv tsa ib tug rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg tau nyaij los mus ua li ntawd.
10. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no, ib tus neeg saib xyuas taw nyob rau hauv lub Saibxyuas Act nrog requisite hwj chim ua kev xaiv tsa ib tug rau liam yuav tsum tau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb.
11. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias mus sib yuav ua raws li ze li sai tau raws li yog hais tias nws kuj yog ib tug dog dig txhaum txheej txhem, kuv ki uake kom muaj hais txog qhov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm s 68C ntawm lub Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT). Uas seem yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nram qab no:
(1) Ib tug kws txiav txim plaub uas sim txhaum Hais Plaub yam uas tsis muaj ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim tej zaum yuav ua rau tej yam uas yuav nrhiav tau los ntawm ib tug pawg neeg pab txiav txim raws li mus rau qhov txhaum ntawm liam tus neeg thiab tej yam xws li nrhiav muaj, rau tag nrho cov hom phiaj, tib lub siv raws li ib tug ntawm ib tug verdict pawg neeg pab txiav txim.
(2) Cov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv txhaum Hais Plaub sim los ntawm ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg yuav tsum muaj xws li cov tswj ntawm txoj cai siv los ntawm cov kws txiav txim plaub thiab cov uas nrhiav tau ntawm qhov tseeb uas kws txiav txim plaub cia siab rau.
(3) Nyob rau hauv lub txhaum Hais Plaub sim los ntawm ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb, yog hais tias ib tug raws li txoj cai ntawm ib ncig xav pub kom yuav tsum tau ib tug ceeb toom yuav tsum muab rau ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim nyob rau hauv xws Hais Plaub, kws txiav txim plaub yuav tsum siv lub ceeb toom mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv xav tias yuav nws los yog nws verdict.
12. Nyob rau hauv dog dig txhaum plaub ntug, seb puas los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub thiab pawg neeg pab txiav txim los yog los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg, lub liam muaj cai mus rau presumption ntawm innocence, lub Crown Dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving txhua tus ntawm tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm txhua qhov nqi them rau tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog pov thawj tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog . Lub verdict yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm ib hom reference rau cov pov thawj kom txais nyob rau hauv lub sim los yog teeb meem ntawm cov kev paub uas tej zaum yuav raug npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account by virtue ntawm s 144 ntawm lub Pov thawj Act 1995 (Cth).
13. Tus liam twb tsis hais kom plead rau nqi tiam sis twb npaum li cas los mus muaj pleaded tsis txhaum los ntawm yog vim li cas ntawm s 316 (8) ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act.
14. Tus liam tsis muab pov thawj. Tsis muaj cov nyom inference yuav tsum tau, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau kos tawm tsam nws los ntawm yog vim li cas nws tsis ua li ntawd.
15. Ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam yog constituted los ntawm tej yam li txoj cai cog lus txhob txwm, los yog tau recklessly, uas ua rau lwm tus neeg mus rau apprehend kiag tam sim thiab unlawful kev nruj kev tsiv. Yog hais tias dag zog yuam yog tiag thov, txawm tias unlawfully los yog yam uas tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus neeg, ces ib tug roj teeb cog lus. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej yam xws li daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam, muaj yuav tsum yog ib co hem li txoj cai txaus mus nce nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm tus neeg ua, ib txoj kev ntshai los yog apprehension ntawm kev ua phem tam sim ntawd. Saib, piv txwv li, Knight v R (1988) 35 Ib tug Crim R 314. Chaw pib, rov qab mus rau cov lus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv s 317 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, kev yuav tshwm sim tawm ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam nkaus xwb yog hais tias nws muaj cov kawm.
16. Qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv Ardler tsis uas nyob ze uas yuav tsum tau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tej yam muaj pov thawj muaj feem peev xwm ntawm nyiaj ib qhov teeb meem raws li nws tus kheej mus rau tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias nquag raug xa mus rau ib tug tiv thaiv, qhov dav dav tus yog hais tias yog yus tus kheej-kev tiv thaiv yog tsa, lub Crown Dais tus tsim txom ntawm proving tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yam txawm tias lub liam tsis ntseeg hais tias nws los yog nws ua twb tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li mus tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los yog nws tus kheej, los yog yog hais tias nws tau ua, uas muaj tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li ib tug kev ntseeg: Zecevic v DPP [1987] HCA 26 (1 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1987). Cov thawj ntawm cov propositions obviously muaj ib tug txhob txwm los ntawn tus kheej kev soj ntsuam: tau lub Crown tsim tias liam tsis muaj xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Txawm li cas los, txawm tus yav tas Proposition tsis koom nrog rau ib tug wholly lub hom phiaj kev xeem. Lub Crown tsis tau pov thawj tias muaj tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau xws li ib tug kev ntseeg yuav luag los ntawm ua qauv qhia tias ib tug neeg uas nws puas siab puas ntsws kev tsis disordered los yog impaired yuav tsis muaj tsim xws li ib tug kev ntseeg. Raws li Hunt CJ ntawm CL piav qhia nyob rau hauv R v Hawes (1994) 35 NSWLR 294 ntawm 305, "nws yog ib qhov kev ntseeg ntawm tus liam, raws li qhov kev tshwm sim raws li qhov liam ntaus nqi rau lawv mus rau yuav, uas muaj yuav tsim nyog, thiab tsis tau hais tias ntawm lub hypothetical uas tsim nyog tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub liam ".
17. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tej yam teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tej zaum yuav tiv thaiv obviously muaj kev nyuab thaum ib tug liam mas kev txom nyem los ntawm tseem ceeb puas siab puas ntsws los yog puas txo lub hlwb muaj mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub liam ua txhaum. Tus Tshiab South Wales Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm criminal Thov suav tias yog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv R v Kurtic (1996) 85 Ib tug Crim R 57, ib tug nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas muaj pov thawj lawm tias appellant txom nyem los ntawm "ib persecutory paranoid delusional co kev ntseeg". Lub tsev hais plaub affirmed hais tias qhov kev xeem uas yuav tsum tau mus thov nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim seb tus Crown tau qhov tseeb hais tias muaj lawm tsis tsim nyog thaj av rau requisite kev ntseeg, whilst tsis wholly lub hom phiaj, yuav tsum Cuaj kaum yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog ib nrab lub hom phiaj. Hunt CJ nyob rau hauv CL rov muab ib co kev tshab txhais txog ntawm no tus nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no tso cai, nyob rau ntawm 64:
Txawm siv ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej mus rau lub liam tej zaum yuav muaj thaum nws xaav ntawm ib co kev txiav txim raws li ib tug kev hem thawj uas nws ntsib los yog thaum tus reasonableness ntawm nws teb li cas nws ntaus nqi mus yuav ib tug txaus ntshai, muaj yuav tsum tau, nyob rau hauv kuv view, yuav muaj ib tug uas tsim nyog tau hais tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ib co kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb coj qhov chaw uas tej zaum yuav ua tau raws li ib tug mistaken kev hem thawj los yog txaus ntshai rau tus liam ua ntej tej kev txiav txim siab tau txog qhov tau hais tias nws to taub hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kheej hais tias yam ntxwv.
18. Thaum lub liam tau pom unfit rau plead ib tug ntxiv rau lo lus nug raws li tshwm sim mus rau yam nyob rau hauv uas zoo li ib qhov teeb meem tej zaum yuav hais txog nrog nyob rau ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog. Whilst lub Crown xav tau ua pov thawj nkaus xwb uas lub liam ua nyob rau hauv cov kev yuav tsum tau los ntawm qhov ua txhaum, daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam yuav tshwm sim tawm tus cwj pwm yuav tsum tau los ntawm ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam nkaus xwb yog hais tias unlawful. Tsis yog tus twg ib tug kws phais neeg uas nqa tawm ib qho hauj lwm nrog paub kev tso cai ntawm nws los yog nws tus neeg mob, tsis yog ib tug tub ceev xwm tus tub ceev xwm uas siv ib tug ntsuas dag zog yuam reasonably tsim nyog los siv lub ntes ntawm ib tug neeg ua txhaum yuav hais rau yuav txhaum ntawm ib tug quab yuam. Zoo sib xws, ua kom yog ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tsis tau raws li ib qho kev quab yuam vim hais tias xws li ua tsis unlawful. Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, tus kev cai ntawm s 317 tsis relieve lub Crown ntawm khi los ua pov thawj hais tias yam daim ntawv thov dag zog yuam yog unlawful. Txawm li ntawd los, lub Crown yog tsis obliged mus tsis tau hais tias tus liam ua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv tshwj tsis yog tias muaj lub hom phiaj pov thawj uas ncaj nce xws li ib qhov teeb meem.
19. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv chav kawm ntawm kawm tau Crown prosecutor tus qhib qhov chaw nyob nws tswv yim hais tias quab yuam tej zaum yuav tau ntau ntev tshaj li uas yav tas liam nyob rau hauv lub particulars muab nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub daim ntawv qhia hom qub 7 Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2003. Koj Everson, uas lub rau koj Bailiff, objected mus rau tej yam uas tsis hloov lub particulars thiab nws ciali rau kuv hais tias xws li ib lub chav kawm tej zaum yuav muaj tiag tiag nyob rau hauv nyuab relation mus rau ntxiv cai ntawm Hais Plaub. Cov teeb meem txog kev muaj zog rau plead raws li hais los nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm yam lus sib liam thiab, yuav coj ib tug piv txwv li, nws yog ib qhov ua tau hais tias lub Mental Health Tribunal tej zaum yuav xaus rau tias ib tug neeg twb txaus nkag siab txog ntawm cov teeb meem mus qhia ntuas nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ib them nyiaj tab sis tsis lwm. Txuas ntxiv mus, koj Everson twb obliged yuav coj cov lus qhia los ntawm ib tus neeg saib xyuas taw los ntawm tus Saibxyuas Tribunal thiab tus neeg ntawd yeej tau ua ib qhov kev txiav txim rau xaiv rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg raws ntawm them nyiaj raws li particularised. Thaum cov teeb meem no ces twb tsa, lub Crown prosecutor heev kom nrhiav ib qho adjournment tau cov lus qhia thiab tom qab qhia kuv tias Crown xav adhere mus rau particulars. Muaj hais txog qhov view uas kuv tau npaum li cas ntawm lub pov thawj, lub Crown rooj plaub twb kom meej meej tsis prejudiced by hais tias qhov kev txiav txim.
20. Koj Seaman, leej twg ces ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv tus neeg zov Westfield Belconnen ("lub Mall"), muab pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv txog 11.25 am on 8 Lub ob hlis ntuj 2003 nws thiab lwm tus neeg zov kev ruaj ntseg, koj Weir, tau mus kawm ib lub suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub khw Mall lub Thaj hauv qab no yog ib tug cia li hu rau kev pab. Nws pom ib tug neeg tom qab qhia koj Bailiff tham nrog lub khw saib xyuas. Sai tom qab, plaub tub ceev xwm tuaj txog, Thaj nyob rau hauv teb rau ib tug xov tooj hu los ntawm koj Bailiff, thiab lawv tau ib tug luv luv sib tham nrog rau ob lub neeg saib xyuas thiab koj Bailiff. Cov tub ceev xwm ces sab laug. Ib yam ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag khw muag khoom, rau leej twg koj Bailiff ces Thaj tau hais lus nyob rau hauv ib lub me ntsis nruj raws, tom qab nug koj Seaman muaj nws tau muab tshem tawm. Koj Seaman ces sab laug lub khw muag khoom los mus hais kom tub ceev xwm rov qab mus rau whilst koj Weir yuav qab.
21. Cov tub ceev xwm rov mus rau lub khw muag khoom nrog koj Seaman thiab nug koj Bailiff tawm. Nws proceeded ua li ntawd. Koj Seaman thiab koj Weir pib mus ua raws li nws, pib tswj ib tug deb ntawm txog 10 mus rau 15 meters nyob rau hauv raws li ib qho kev tsim los raws tu qauv rau escorting neeg ntawm thaj chaw. Txawm li ntawd los, lawv ntes tau li nrog nws thaum nws mus ncig txog 20 meters los ntawm lub khw muag khoom thiab nres kom tawm tsam nyob rau hauv nws tshem. Nws rov hais tawm thiab resumed taug kev rau lub stairway uas tawm hauv lub Mall. Raws li lawv pib mus rau descend tus ntaiv lawv taug kev nkaus xwb txog ob cov kauj ruam tom qab nws.
22. Koj Seaman hais tias raws li lawv tau txais mus rau lub tsaws nws pib mus piav qhia rau koj Bailiff hais tias nws tau raug txwv los ntawm lub Mall rau hnub ntawd. Nws hais tias koj Bailiff muab, grabbed nws los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm nws lub tsho thiab thawb nws backwards. Nws poob rov qab tawm tsam koj Weir tab sis regained nws tshuav tom qab koj Weir thawb nws forwards. Ib tug scuffle ces ensued. Koj Seaman ciali tsis tau nco ntsoov raws nraim tau tshwm sim tom ntej no tiam sis hais tias nws rov qab muaj nws lub taub hau down ze ntawm lub duav ntawm liam thiab hais tias liam ces twb nws forearm ib ncig ntawm nws caj pas. Nws tseem yuav hais tias nws li ib yam dab tsi tsoo nws rov qab mus rau lub feem tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj. Nws hais tias nws tom qab pom koj Weir muab khi koj Bailiff thiab tsiv los pab nws. Koj Bailiff ces npaj ncaws nws.
23. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam, koj Seaman tau pom zoo tias raws tu qauv rau Westfield Belconnen Mall yuav tsum tau kev ruaj ntseg cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob twj ywm ib tug uas tsim nyog deb qab ib tus neeg uas tau hais kom tawm hauv Mall. Nws hais tias qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj twb npaj los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm altercations. On no caij nyoog nws thiab koj Weir ntes li nrog liam thaum nws nres ze ntawm lub East India Company khw muag khoom thiab lawv ces ua raws li nws nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog ib txhais caj npab lub ntev vim hais tias nws tseem sim mus koom lawv sib tham nyob rau hauv. Koj Seaman conceded tias thaum xam phaj los ntawm tub ceev xwm sai tom qab qhov teeb meem nws muab tus tub ceev xwm ib tug version ntawm tej xwm txheej uas nyob rau hauv differed heev tseem ceeb respects los ntawm tus account muab nws nyob rau hauv nws cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv Hmoob. Thaum nias hais txog ib co ntawm discrepancies nws tsis muaj peev xwm hais uas version lawm muaj tseeb thiab hais tias nws twb tau me me cim xeeb ntawm cov kev sib tham. Nws tau pom zoo hais tias nws hais rau Constable Slater tias koj Bailiff ces muab ib tug txhais caj npab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws caj dab thiab "twb squeezing kuv caj dab nyob hauv ib tug xom lees uas tau tshem kuv tawm hauv av". Nws khaws cia nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam tias no allegation lawm yeej muaj tseeb. Nws tso cai rau sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv lub thawv pov thawj qhia yuav ua li cas nws twb tshwm sim. Nws piav tias nws tau ntsib koj Bailiff nrog nws lub taub hau lawm ib ncig ntawm nws duav, hais tias koj Bailiff ces tau ib txhais caj npab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws caj dab thiab hais tias nws tau tshem nws nrog uas txhais caj npab. Kuv pom ob qho tib si nws piav qhia thiab nws cov kev tawm tsam unconvincing.
24. Koj Weir muab pov thawj confirming tias nws ploj mus rau lub suab paj nruag lub khw nrog koj Seaman thiab hais tias nws tau tam sim no thaum tub ceev xwm tuaj koom. Tom qab lawv sab laug, koj Bailiff paub ntau agitated thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nug ob ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm muaj nws tau muab tshem tawm. Koj Seaman ces sab laug yuav tau xa tus tub ceev xwm thiab xa rov qab mus nrog tub ceev xwm. Lawv hais rau tus liam thiab nws commenced tawm. Koj Seaman thiab koj Weir raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm tsib mus rau kaum meters tab sis txav mus zeb ntau ze ze thaum koj Bailiff nres sab nraum qhov chaw uas lub Freedom khw siv los yuav nyob mus hais lus rau lawv. Koj Seaman nug nws tawm thiab nws resumed taug kev rau lub qhov rooj tawm. Lawv ua raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug deb ntawm txog ib Meter thiab raws li nws mus kev cia tus ntaiv lawv "ob peb kauj ruam" tom qab nws. Koj Weir hais tias koj Seaman nug koj yog hais tias Bailiff nws to taub hais tias nws raug hais kom tawm hauv qhov chaw thiab hais tias nws twb tsis pub rov qab rau hnub ntawd. Tus liam ces muab thiab grabbed koj Seaman lub tsho on txawm sab ntawm nws ntseg tsho. Nws hais tias nyob rau hauv hais tias taw tes koj Seaman "leant rov qab ib me ntsis" tiam sis yuav sawv upright. Koj Weir mus yav dhau los lawv mus rau restrain koj Bailiff, ntsiab los ntawm nws qab nrog nws npab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws hauv siab thiab nws txhais tes xauv ua ke nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv ib lub hom dais hug. Nws hais tias koj Seaman ces mus sau tsawg thiab muab tso rau nws npab nyob ib ncig ntawm koj Bailiff 's duav "xws li ib tug pib lis nrog", lub zog Thaj generated by no txav tshwm sim los nws txav backwards down tus ntaiv thiab nws obliged cia mus.
25. Koj Weir yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj loj thiab Thaj powerfully ua tug txiv neej. Nws hais tias nws yog rau ko taw xya nti siab thiab weighed txog 120 kilograms. Koj Weir mas ntau loj tshaj koj Bailiff thiab yuav obviously tau ntau zoo tshaj nws. Nws yog nyuaj to taub yog vim li cas koj kuj yuav muaj Seaman xav nws yuav tsum tau mus rau seize koj Bailiff ib ncig ntawm lub duav thaum nws twb raug restrained los ntawm ib tug txiv neej li haib li koj Weir thiab thaum twg xws li ib tug mus yuav tsis tau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tsiv nws caj npab thiab ob txhais ceg yog hais tias nws xaiv mus lash tawm violently. Qhov feem ntau tam sim ntawd siv ntawm koj Seaman tus tiv thaiv ciali kom muaj tshwm sim los koj Weir mus poob nws tshuav.
26. Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam koj Weir conceded tias nws lawm tsis tau pom pem hauv ntej ntawm koj Seaman lub tsho thaum koj Bailiff coj tuav ntawm nws tab sis khaws cia, nonetheless, hais tias nws tsis tau muaj peev xwm saib koj Bailiff 's txhais tes rau ntawm lub tsho. Nws kuj thov hais tias whilst nws sawv qab koj Bailiff tuav nws nws pom koj Bailiff xuas nrig ntaus downwards on mus rau koj lub Seaman rov qab. Koj Weir, zoo li koj Seaman, conceded tias nws muab cov tub ceev xwm ib tug version ntawm tej xwm txheej uas differed nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb respects los ntawm tus account muab nyob rau hauv nws cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv Hmoob. Nws pov thawj kuj contradicted uas muab los ntawm koj Seaman nyob rau hauv ib co respects. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws hais tias nws tsis pom koj Bailiff nrog nws txhais caj npab los yog txhais tes thoob plaws koj Seaman lub caj pas whilst koj Seaman twb leaning ntsoov nrog nws npab nyob ib ncig ntawm koj Bailiff 's duav.
27. Kuv pom koj Seaman lub account ntawm koj Bailiff squeezing nws caj dab thiab tshem nws tawm hauv av nrog rau ib txhais caj npab heev improbable thiab ntxiv cov pov thawj tawm tswv yim hais tias nws twb tau ua kom tiav no ft whilst ua restrained los ntawm koj Weir puas tau ib yam dab tsi lug txhim khu nws muaj cai yauv. Whilst koj Weir lub account ntawm pom koj Bailiff ntaus downwards on rau koj Seaman tus rov qab mas me ntsis ntau plausible, nws tsis wholly muaj raws li koj Seaman tus pov thawj thiab, muab lub inconsistencies nyob rau hauv lub pov thawj ntawm ob qho tag nrho cov txiv neej kuv tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv txiav txim siab nrog raws li seb no ces tshwm sim.
28. Lub particulars ntawm them nyiaj ces tau npaum li cas los ntawm ib nqe lus ntawm qhov tseeb npaj los ntawm tub ceev xwm sai tom qab qhov teeb meem thiab thaws rov los dab tsi koj Seaman qhia lawv thaum lub sij hawm. Cov lus sib liam li tau raug hloov thiab nthuav rau hauv lub sij hawm uas tau dhau mus lawm txij thaum. Kuv tus neeg raug liam ua txhawj hais tias ob qho tag nrho koj Seaman thiab koj Weir pom nws nyuaj rau rov qab precisely li cas scuffle nrog koj Bailiff unfolded thiab nyob rau hauv muab pov thawj txhua ciali nyob thaum ib tug ntau heev ntsuas ntawm txua dua. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug taw tes rau koj Weir conceded hais tias nws tau raug ceeb dab tsi los ntawm nws cia li tau nyeem nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej daim ntawv qhia cov tub ceev xwm. Muaj tau lub sij hawm los ntawm observing ob qho tag nrho cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub pov thawj lub thawv thiab pom lawv raug ib tug searching Cross-kev soj ntsuam kuv tsim qhov view uas lawv cov pov thawj mas feem ntau yog txhim khu kev qha insofar raws li nws kev mus rau kab sab ntawm txheej xwm mus txog qhov point ntawm uas scuffle commenced tab sis hais tias lawv cov lus piav qhia ntawm yam uas tshwm sim tom qab ntawd, nws muaj tsawg kawg yog hopelessly meej pem.
29. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim kuv txaus siab tshaj uas tsim nyog nrog tias koj Bailiff reacted angrily mus rau cwj pwm ntawm ob ruaj ntseg zov nyob rau hauv li hauv qab no thiaj li ze ze tom qab nws raws li nws mus kev cia tus ntaiv thiab hais tias nws muab thiab coj tuav ntawm koj Seaman lub tsho nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm lub ntseg tsho. Kuv tsis txaus siab rau hais tias nws coj tuav ntawm nws khi, hais tias nws tom qab tightened nws tuav los yog hais tias nws hais cov lus liam.
30. Txawm tias muaj proffered piav qhia, kuv pom tau tias nws nyuaj rau txais tau hais tias koj Seaman thiab koj Weir tau tej yam tsim nyog yog vim li cas rau thiaj li taug kev ze ze qab koj Bailiff. Nws yog tshwm los ntawm duab tendered nyob rau hauv pov thawj tias ntaiv kuj tsuas yog hais txog 30 centimeters tob thiab nws yog ib qhov to taub hais tias ib tug neeg hauv koj Bailiff 's txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav tau pom qhov kev ua ntawm ob loj cov txiv neej li hauv qab no tsuas yog ob kauj ruam tom qab thiab saum toj no nws raws li harassing los yog txawm intimidatory . Txawm li ntawd los, qhov pov thawj tsis, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, nce tej yam teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv.
31. Thiaj li, kuv obliged kom pom tau tias koj Bailiff koom nyob rau hauv cov kev yuav tsum tau los ntawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm quab yuam nyob rau hauv uas nws coj tuav ntawm lwm tug txiv neej lub tsho.
32. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv tau dua tseem ceeb lub inadequacy ntawm mus ze npaum li cas rau kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm hlwb mob cov neeg thiab cov lus teb tsis tsim nyog coj tus cwj pwm attributable mus rau kev puas hlwb. Txawm tias nws ntseeg yam, koj Bailiff suffers los ntawm ob qho tib si rau lub hlwb puas thiab ib tug loj heev txo lub hlwb mob. Lub hlwb puas tsuaj, nws pab nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb huam yuaj uas tseem yuav tau nyob rau hauv kev tuag ntawm nws tus muam thaum nws 15 xyoo. Cov xwm txheej muaj obviously tau ib profound siv thaum nws lub neej. Nws tshwm yuav ib tug txiv neej uas nws heev ntse yog to taub tas li kob thiab distorted los ntawm nws puas siab puas ntsws puas. Nws irrational thiab tej zaum disturbing kev coj cwj pwm yog kom meej meej attributable mus rau nws lub hlwb.
33. Nyob rau hauv 1996 Tej zaum nws twb soj ntsuam los ntawm Dr J Sydney Smith ces tus thawj coj ntawm lub Neuropsychiatric Unit ntawm None Henry tsev kho mob, tus neeg uas tau hais tias:
Kuv twb tsis muaj nrog no uas txaus ntshai thiab qhov zoo them nyiaj [sic] nyob rau hauv nws yog los ntawm qhov pib ntawm frankly psychotic tsos mob thiab kuv ntseeg tias nws fulfills lub DSM IV cov txheej xwm rau qhov mob ntawm Manic Nco. Tu siab, lub tsis tau ntev, txuas rau ntau tshaj ib co tsib los sis rau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv nws tam sim no hauv lub xeev, nws yog tsis peev xwm los mus tswj nws tus kheej txog nyiaj txiag los yog kev cai lij choj Affairs.
34. On 14 Lub ib hlis ntuj 1999, Dr Greg Hugh, ib tug psychiatrist ntawm Darwin Urban Mental Health Services hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm mob yog ib tug contentious ib thiab ventured nws tus kheej lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nram qab no:
Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim ntawm feem ntau yuav mob yog psychotic teeb meem no, vim yog lub hlwb raug mob, nrog delusions, thiab Mood teeb meem no, vim yog lub hlwb raug mob, nrog manic nta (ntau cias, frontal lobe syndrome). Txawm li cas los, Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qhov tseem heev tau tias [koj Bailiff] muaj ib tug thawj psychotic teeb meem no, xws li schizophrenia los yog bipolar teeb meem no thiab hais tias lub hlwb raug mob yog ib comfounding [sic] teeb meem. Tsis hais seb qhov mob, nws yog ib qhov tseeb hais tias [koj Bailiff] tau pab los ntawm kev noj tshuaj thiab containment thiab yuav yuav muaj txiaj ntsim los ntawm tsim nyog Rehabilitation. Nws kev txiav txim yog li no impaired uas tawm [koj Bailiff] yog tsis muaj kev kho mob yog inviting ntxiv muaj teeb meem nrog rau txoj cai, thiab tej zaum yuav tau tso lwm tus neeg nyob rau ntawm kev pheej hmoo, muab nws li keeb kwm ntawm tsis tsim nyog disinhibition, grandiosity, persecutory ideation thiab ib qho kev pom meej Delight nyob rau hauv overstepping txais social ciaj ciam .
35. On 12 Lub kaum hli ntuj 1999, Associate xib fwb Cathy Owen, tus saib mob thawj coj ntawm ACT Mental Health Services, qhia ib qho lwm txoj kev mob ntawm "pseudologica fantastica".
36. Nyob rau hauv ib tug thiab ntxaws heev pab tau daim ntawv qhia hom qub 24 Lub yim hli ntuj 2003, Dr Graham George, ib tug pab tswv yim psychiatrist, adverted mus rau lub fact tias koj Bailiff ces Thaj tau tsis nco qab lawm rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm plaub lub lis piam tom qab lub tsheb huam yuaj nyob rau hauv 1985 thiab ces txom nyem lub hlwb puas tsuaj. Nws taw tawm hais tias nws symptomatology txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm tau zoo sau tseg. Dr George hais tias nyob rau hnub nws tuaj xam phaj nws lub yuav hypomanic thiab "tshaaj ob qho tib si ceev ntawm kev hais lus thiab sib ntaus ntawm cov tswv yim raws li pom nyob rau hauv lub hypomanic los yog manic theem ntawm bipolar affective teeb meem no". Nws chaw koom tes kuj feem ntau irrational thiab nws tsis tshwm ua raws li ib tug muaj kuab kab sab ntawm nws. Muaj ib tug zoo siab ntawm euphoria, grandiosity thiab paranoia txuam nrog nws nthuav thiab ua pov thawj ntawm delusional tswv yim nrog rau kev hwm rau ntau tus neeg nws hais. Nws lub yuav tsum tau preoccupied txog kev tuag ntawm nws tus muam thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm nws lub tswv yim twb hais txog nws tuag. Whilst sau cia hais tias muaj lawm ib tug ntau yam tswv yim qhia nyob rau hauv relation mus rau uas tsim nyog mob, Dr George hais tias nws ntau inclined rau pom zoo nrog views qhia los ntawm Dr Sydney Smith thiab Dr Hugh. Nws piav qhia tias qhov bipolar affective teeb meem no muaj ib tug relapsing / remitting chav kawm thiab nws yog ib qhov ua tau hais tias cov neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug xws li teeb meem no tau txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv ib tug hypomanic sij hawm rau lub hlis los sis txawm xyoo. Muab lub relapsing thiab remitting chav kawm ntawm lub teeb meem no, ib tug neeg xws li koj muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia Bailiff txawv ntawm txawv sij hawm thiab Dr George tswv yim tias qhov no tej zaum yuav piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv diagnoses. Thaum soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 2003, Dr George ntseeg hais tias cov tsos mob nws twb tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm "bipolar affective teeb meem no (ntawm ib cov organic thiab / los yog ua hauj keeb kwm) thiab lawn cov coob, ib tug frontal lobe syndrome". Nws xaus lus tias nws unfit rau plead thiab, nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm kev txo lub hlwb resulting nyob rau hauv nws noj tshuaj tas mus li raws rau ib tug, nws tsis zoo li hais tias nws yuav ua haum rau plead tsis pub dhau kaum ob lub hlis tom ntej no.
37. Dr George xav nws tseem ceeb uas yuav taw tes tawm hais tias Dr Hugh tau qhia hais tias tom qab ob peb lub lim piam ntawm kev kho mob on anti psychotic thiab Mood stabilizing noj tshuaj koj Bailiff ces lub tsawg intrusive thiab xav tau thiab markedly tsawg pressured nyob rau hauv nws hais lus. Nws tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm grandiosity thiab persecutory ideation tab sis cov no ces kuj kho muaj nuj nqis. Dr Hugh xaus lus tias nws tau txiav txim siab kev kawm tau thaum lub sij hawm ob lub hlis ntawm kev kho mob, tiam sis mas yuav yuav uas tsis raws txoj cai uas tsis tas yuav ua raws li cov assertive thiab yuav tuaj mus rau hauv ntxiv muaj teeb meem nrog rau txoj cai thiab, tau, qhov chaw rau lwm tus neeg nyob rau ntawm kev pheej hmoo muab nws li keeb kwm ntawm " tsis tsim nyog disinhibition, grandiosity, persecutory ideation thiab pom meej Delight nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo overstepping tau ciaj ciam ".
38. Nws yuav tsum abundantly ntshiab ntawm no keeb kwm hais tias koj xav tau kev pab uas tsim nyog Bailiff txo lub hlwb txoj kev kho mob thiab kev kho mob thiab tej yam uas ib txwm mus coj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsis tsim nyog raws yuav tsum tau yam tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev puas hlwb kev noj qab nyob system es tsis rov qab by ineffectual sim nyob nws tsis pub dhau lub criminal justice system .
39. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov rov sim invoke tus txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai, muaj nws "tsis acquitted" ntawm li cas muaj feem ntau tau tus muaj hnub nyoog thiab cov txhaum remitted rov qab rau Mental Health Tribunal li tau ib tug ntau heev pov tseg ntawm lub sij hawm thiab pej xeem huab hwm cov nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho uas tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv, xws li ib txoj tej zaum yuav xyuas kom meej tias lub zej zog yog los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ua ntawm kev ua phem txog kev sib deev los yog kev tsim txom los ntawm ib tug dangerously psychotic tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm yuav muaj nyob rau hauv saib xyuas txog thaum lub Tribunal yog txaus siab hais tias nws yuav xyuam xim tso tawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis xws li ib cov ntaub ntawv.
40. Koj Bailiff tau yav tas tau raug xa mus rau lub Tribunal li hauv qab no nws "uas tsis yog-acquittal" on me ntsis uas zoo sib xws nqi thiab nws nkawd tsis zoo li hais tias Tribunal yuav persuaded mus txais ib tug txawv ze los ntawm yog vim li cas xwb ntawm kuv nrhiav tau hais tias nws coj tuav ntawm ib tug txiv neej lub tsho nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim hais ntxov.
41. Nws tseem yog tsis zoo li hais tias koj Bailiff 's yav tom ntej kev yuav curbed los ntawm ua muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug succession ntawm tshwj xeeb Kev Hais Plaub. Tseeb, nws yog tseeb los ntawm nws tus cwj pwm thiab demeanor thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog hais tias nws nyiam raug coj tuaj rau lub Supreme Court thiab muab dab tsi nws ciali mus hais raws li ib tug starring luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Hais Plaub. Muab nws li keeb kwm ntawm grandiosity thiab dab tsi Dr Hugh piav raws li ib tug "pom meej Delight nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo overstepping tau ciaj ciam" uas tej zaum yuav tau pom hais tias yuav tsum ua.
42. Zaum ntawm no zoo inevitably koom nrog rau ntau heev rau pej xeem nyiaj them. Tus liam yuav tsum tau coj ua ntej Magistrates tsev hais plaub thiab lub sij hawm faib rau ib tug committal kev mloog ob tog. Ua raws li committal mus rau lub Supreme Court, ib tug kws txiav txim plaub yog hais txog qhov teeb meem mus rau Tribunal kom tsim nyog determinations txog muaj zog rau plead on lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug suitably uas tsim nyog tshwj xeeb uas sib tham lub liam, xyuas nws los yog nws li keeb kwm kho mob thiab chaw nyob ntawm txoj cai cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv ntsiab ntawm qhov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sim. Yog hais tias tus Tribunal nrhiav pom tias liam yog unfit rau plead thiab yog tsis zoo li los ua kom haum plead tsis pub dhau lub ensuing kaum ob lub hlis thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Public Prosecutions txiav txim siab mus nrog them nqi, lub Supreme Court allocates lub sij hawm rau lub rooj sib hais tshwj xeeb, tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub cov nuj nqis ntawm delaying lub sim ntawm ntau loj heev teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, tus Saibxyuas Tribunal yog nug kom appoint ib tus neeg saib xyuas los mus qhia kev cai lij choj sawv cev rau tshwm sawv cev ntawm tus liam nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais tshwj xeeb thiab ua tej yam kev xaiv tsa rau sim los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub ib leeg xwb es tsis ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim mus sib yuav tsum hais tias yuav suav hais tias yog tsim nyog. Qhov tshwj xeeb kev mloog ob tog tau nyaij, txawm los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub thiab pawg neeg pab txiav txim los yog los ntawm kws txiav txim plaub nyob ib leeg thiab neeg ua pov thawj rov muab pov thawj thiab yog Cross-ntsuam xyuas ua ntej pawg neeg pab txiav txim retires mus xav txog seb tus Crown cov ntaub ntawv tau raug tsim muaj los yog tus kws txiav txim plaub retires sau ib kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv txhua theem ntuas rau ob lub Crown thiab tiv thaiv yog cov yuav raug them nyiaj los ntawm cov pej xeem hnab. Txawm yog hais tias lub rooj sib hais tshwj xeeb nws tus kheej yog tus luv luv, tus tag nrho tus nqi xws li ib tug Saga xav zaum khiav mus rau hauv kaum ntawm phav phav nyiaj.
43. Tseem, nyob rau hauv ntau respects tus Hais Plaub yog inherently unsatisfactory. Tus liam yog feem ntau tsis muaj cuab kav muab cov lus qhia los yog coherent txhim khu kev qha cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv nws los yog nws tus kheej tiv thaiv thiab muaj feem tseem ceeb heev puas siab puas ntsws kawm ntawm qhov ua txhaum yuav tsum tau feem ntau yuav kav liam. Chaw pib, nws yog ib qhov yuav luag inevitably ib me ntsis ib tug ib tog sim thiab ib tug nyob rau hauv uas zoo li tau raws li yuam kev lawm, muaj teeb meem thiab tsis muaj tej yam uas tsi ntsees rau lub hom phiaj los yog kev txawj ntse, yuav tsum tau tag nrho yuav tsum tau kav liam tshwj tsis yog tias muaj lub hom phiaj pov thawj tsa rau lawv. Txuas ntxiv mus, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm, tus liam yuav tsis yog tus twg txim tsis punished. Tseeb, lub Supreme Court tsis muaj hwj huam ua kom tej kev txiav txim siab raws li mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej kev tswj ntawm tus liam. Txuag tau nyob rau hauv ntau loj heev zaum ntawm lub hom hais ntxov, lub nkaus xwb tiag tiag rau txim ntawm ib tug "uas tsis yog-acquittal" yog tias liam yog rov raug xa mus rau lub Tribunal thiab nws muaj kev pab ntawm ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias nws koom nyob rau hauv lub cwj pwm yuav tsum tau los ntawm ib tug kev ua txhaum.
44. Feem ntau xws li ib tug nrhiav yuav ntawm tsawg tsawg, yog tias muaj, kev pab mus rau Tribunal vim hais tias nws yuav tsis koom nrog rau tej yam kev daws teeb meem ntawm muaj feem tseem ceeb heev txog tej teeb meem xws li seb tus cwj pwm thaws rov los ib co malicious hom phiaj los sis mas cov khoom ntawm yuam kev los yog huam yuaj. Nyob rau hauv hnub nyoog zaus, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj heev kom pom tej yam taw tes nyob rau hauv uas yog siv ib tug succession ntawm tshwj xeeb Kev Hais Plaub raws li ib txoj kev xa dua ib lub hlwb ib tug neeg mob mus rau lub Tribunal tshwj tsis yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, ib co tshiab thiab worrying feature ntawm nws los yog nws tus cwj pwm tau sawv los yog tus Tribunal tau tsis yeem txais tias nws yog nquag ua nyob rau hauv raws liam. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm ib co xws li muab nws li absurdly cumbersome kom lub Tribunal mus dua ntsuam xyuas liam, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tseeb liam constituting ib succession ntawm hnub nyoog txhaum, thiaj li hais tias nws yuav ua tau rau determinations muag txog cai rau lub Supreme Court los mloog Hais Plaub uas xwb yuav tshwm sim yog tias tus liam yuav raug xa mus rov qab rau Tribunal nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tib qhov tseeb.
45. Xav paub ntau ntxiv fundamentally, ib tug compassionate thiab saib xyuas zej zog yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau txoj kev adequately kev tswj hlwb mob yam uas tsis muaj neeg tas mus li chaw uasi mus rau criminal justice system. Tus coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg xws li tej zaum yuav yog ib tug ua tiav xeeb txob thiab tej zaum nws yuav tej zaum yuav tsim nyog yuav ruaj qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv lwm tus neeg. Qee zaum, xws li thaum muaj mob yog cov neeg nquag committing ua ntawm kev ua phem loj heev los yog kev sib deev kev tsim txom, tej zaum nws yuav txawm yuav tsim nyog los kaw rau lawv rau lub sij hawm ntev. Txawm li ntawd los, thaum ib tug neeg lub aberrant tus cwj pwm yog yuam tsum muaj cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb puas tsuaj thiab / los yog puas siab puas ntsws loj heev muaj mob es tsis twg tiag tiag txhaum predisposition, nws yog unrealistic mus xav tias yuav hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav tswj los ntawm simplistic tso siab rau ntawm deterrent nyhuv ntawm tus txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai. Nyob rau ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm belabouring lub pom tseeb, cov neeg muaj peev xwm tsis tsum deterred los ntawm distorted qauv ntawm xav vim muaj lub hlwb puas los yog puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob thiab, yog hais tias qhov pib mob yog tsis nyob, deterrence ib leeg yuav tsis zoo li rau ntau heev los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov uas zoo sib xws coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej . Thiaj li, lwm tus tej zaum yuav nyob twj ywm ntawm kev pheej hmoo thiab hlwb mob neeg tej zaum lawv tus kheej yuav muaj kev ua phem vim muaj tus ras txog lawv tus cwj pwm provokes nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no muaj ib tug qauv, tsheev nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov Australian jurisdictions, kom cia ntau ntau nyob rau txim tshaj li kev kho mob ntawm hlwb mob tib neeg txhaum cai. Qhov no tej zaum yuav rov hais dua mus rau ib co seem ntawm lub zej zog, tiam sis nws yog ib qhov loj ineffective thiab feem ntau unjust. Feem ntau, raws sij hawm kev kho mob thiab kev tswj tau ntau heev los txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib lub hlwb ib tug neeg mob los yog harassing assaulting neeg thiab uas yog obviously ib tug ntau zoo txoj kev tiv thaiv lub zej zog tshaj tawm hauv qhov pib teeb meem unaddressed thiab tom qab nrhiav kev mus liam tus neeg rau kev loj attributable mus rau nws los yog nws mob. Nws yuav tsum tau tseem yuav nco txog tias cov neeg pom unfit rau plead yuav luag inevitably muaj xws disordered qauv ntawm kev xav uas lawv muaj peev xwm tsis ncaj yuav kev li wholly lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv ua. Nyob rau hauv no ib ncig, lub Tsoom Fwv tau tsis ntev los no tshaj tawm ib lub dav-ib ncua kev saib xyuas ntawm forensic mental health kev pab thiab txuam cai. Nws yog ib qhov yuav tsum tau vam hais tias qhov no yuav ua rau ib tug ntau zoo heev thiab compassionate lus teb rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev txhawj xeeb.
46. Nws yog ib obviously tsim nyog los muaj ib co zoo mechanism rau xa hlwb mob cov neeg uas tau liam cog lus txawm tus muaj hnub nyoog txhaum mus rau Tribunal thiaj paub kev txiav txim siab yuav hais txog lawv lub neej tom ntej saib xyuas thiab kev tswj. Nqe Lus 15 (1) ntawm lub Mental Health Act twb tso cai tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Office of Director ntawm Public Prosecutions mus xa ib tug liam neeg ua txhaum mus rau lub Tribunal rau ib tug puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv thiaj li yog hais tias tus tub ceev xwm xa ntseeg hais tias nyob rau thaj av uas tsim nyog hais tias, vim yog puas siab puas ntsws tsis ua hauj lwm los yog kev puas hlwb, tus neeg ntawd lub noj qab haus huv los yog kev nyab xeeb yog yuav yuav ntau heev ntawm kev pheej hmoo los yog qhov liam tus neeg ua txhaum yog, los yog yuav ua raug mob loj rau lwm tus neeg. Yog hais tias hais tias yog ntaus nqi yuav siv tsis tau vim hais tias nws tsis ntev los mus zaum nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj tsim nyog thaj av kom ntseeg tau hais tias tej yam xws li risks tshwm sim, ces tus cai yuav tsum tau muab hloov. Nws yog tej zaum kuj yuav ntshaw kom muab tus thawj coj ib txoj cai ntawm pawg neeg ua ntej Tribunal nyob rau hauv muaj nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib co allegation ntawm txhaum cai. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kuv xav tias tshwj xeeb Kev Hais Plaub yuav tsum tau muab tseg rau cov mob uas pej xeem huab hwm kev txaus siab yog yuav yuav kev pab nyob rau hauv ib co tiag tiag thiab tangible sijhawm.
47. Yog li deb raws li tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kuv txaus siab rau hais tias, muaj hais txog lub txheej xwm rau txim nyob rau hauv s 308 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act nws yog ntau tshaj uas tsim nyog kom tau tias tus liam dua xa nws tus kheej mus rau lub Tribunal kom nws los ua ib txoj kev kho mob kom tshaj li nws yog los detain nws nyob rau hauv saib xyuas raws li s 319 (2).
Kuv lees tias tus ntej plaub caug-xya (47) numbered paragraphs yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb daim qauv ntawm yog vim li cas rau cov kev txiav txim ntawm nov mus nws Honour, Kev Ncaj Ncees Crispin.
Associate:
Date: 9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004
Ntuas rau tus liam: koj C Everson
Solicitor rau liam: Ken Cush & Associates
Ntuas rau Crown: MS M Hunter
Solicitor rau Crown: ACT Director of Public Prosecutions
Hnub ntawm lub rooj sib hais: 28 Tej zaum 2004
Dae ntawm kev txiav txim: 9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004...